Correcciones utilizadas en el procesamiento de datos magnéticos: una primera aproximación en geociencias

Abstract

Geophysics, as part of Earth sciences, bases its conclusions on the study of the universal physical properties applied to our planet. Geophysical surveys allow for the characterization of the Earth's interior, both at the surface and at depth, by measuring different characteristics of rocks and fluids during each exploration. Magnetometry is one of the two methods known as potential methods. This means that its field of study is natural, as it is responsible for measuring the magnetic field and its variations, which originate from a magnetized rocky body due to its magnetic susceptibility. Magnetometric surveys aim to characterize the subsurface for the exploration and characterization of mineral deposits, including diamonds and oil systems. However, to achieve this, it is necessary to collect field data with a magnetometer, conducting a magnetometric survey over the area of interest to obtain the study data. It is important to note that there are factors that may be associated with errors in data collection, so it is necessary to make corrections to eliminate the influence of these factors on measurements. The corrections to be considered include temporal, instrumental, elevation, topographic, and spatial. This article primarily aims to explain the importance and uses of corrections applied in magnetometric surveys, focusing on the data obtained in the field. It serves as an introductory approach to this topic for geoscience students.